Extracellular vesicles in the treatment and diagnosis of breast cancer: a status update

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes cancer-related death in women. Currently, treatment breast limited by lack effectively targeted therapy and patients often suffer from higher severity, metastasis, resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) consist lipid bilayers that encapsulate a complex cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites. These bioactive cargoes have been found to play crucial roles initiation progression. Moreover, EV pivotal converting mammary cells carcinogenic metastatic foci extensively inducing proliferation, angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche formation, migration, chemoresistance. The present update review mainly discusses EVs released tumor-derived microenvironment, focusing on chemoresistance, their clinical potential as effective biomarkers.